Project Highlights
- Capsule Networks (CapsNet): Preserves spatial hierarchies — crucial for detecting microaneurysms
- Explainable AI (Grad-CAM): Visual heatmaps enabling clinician trust and validation
- Efficient: 4.3M parameters vs ResNet-50's 25.6M (6x fewer)
- Published: IJSREM Journal (Vol.10, Issue 04, April 2026) | Impact Factor: 8.659
- DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM59866
Technical Stack
- Python | TensorFlow | Keras
- OpenCV | Albumentations
- Grad-CAM (Explainable AI)
- Dataset: APTOS 2019 (Kaggle)